One way of understanding the context of a particular art work is to ask questions that require placing the work in a larger framework (context) in relation to the time period, the place, the events and their influences. Depending on the artwork under consideration, it may require looking more at historical, or cultural or socio-political context.
What was happening in the world at the time this piece was made?
What cultural beliefs influence this work? What personal experiences?
Where was the artist when this piece was made?
What other artists and cultural movements were at the forefront?
What culture? (European, ancient, modern, postmodernist, tribal, Chinese, punk, etc)
Does the artwork have a narrative (tell a story)? is it a religious artwork?
Interpretation
Does the artwork evoke a mood or emotion?
What is the mood or emotion and how is it created?
Can you identify any signs, symbols or codes that are used in the work to convey meaning.
What do you think the artist is trying to say in this artwork? What does it mean?
What is the main theme or idea behind this piece?
If you were inside this artwork, what would you be feeling / thinking?
How would you explain this artwork to someone else